This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the structure, functions, and operations of financial markets and financial institutions. It covers key market segments—including money, bond, equity, mortgage, and foreign exchange markets—and examines how these markets facilitate the flow of funds in an economy. Students will explore core concepts such as market efficiency, interest rates, and pricing mechanisms. The course also introduces the regulatory and supervisory framework governing financial systems to ensure stability and transparency. In addition, learners will study the roles and activities of major financial intermediaries such as commercial banks, investment funds, securities firms, pension funds, and insurance companies. The course concludes with an overview of financial risks and the fundamental approaches to risk management within financial institutions.